Assessing the Bioenergy Potential of Novel Non-Edible Biomass Resources via Ultrastructural Analysis of Seed Sculpturing Using Microscopic Imaging Visualization

Recently, intensifying energy crises accompanying ecological due to the decline in fossil-fuel reserves and extensive greenhouse gas emissions have triggered exploration of renewable substitutes for petro-diesel. In this scenario, biodiesel is best alternative non-renewable finite conventional fuels its cost-effectiveness, sustainability, renewability, biodegradability, eco-friendly nature. Hence, current research was designed utilize scanning electron microscopy investigate identify micro-morphological characteristics selected seed-bearing crops. Light-microscopy (LM) indicated discrete variations macro-morphological characters such as seed shape (ovoid, ovate, oblong, semi-spheroid, or discoid), size (3.5–14 mm length 2.25 6.5 width), color (yellow black), number seeds per kilogram (from 6000 260,000). Chemical extraction via Soxhlet apparatus resulted estimation oil content within range 20.3–48.0% (wt./wt.), FFA (0.63–6.91 mg KOH/g), maximum product, i.e., 98% yield achieved. Multivariate analysis principal component (PCA) done using PAST 3 software similarities differences among factors/variables. SEM examination exhibited ultra-morphological distinct variation cell-wall ornamentation; hilum occurrence, position, level; wall-sculpturing ruminate, verrucate, wrinkled, striate; cell arrangement (anticlinal periclinal); margins. To conclude, could be an advanced technique disclose ultra-micromorphological oil-bearing crops providing a convenient way scientists determine correct identification, authentication, classification.